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Itai-itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure, produced as a result of human activities related to industrialisation, and this condition was first recognised in Japan in the 1960s. Itai-itai disease is characterised by osteomalaecia with severe bone pain and is associated with renal tubular dysfunction.
Does cadmium cause Minamata disease?
Minamata and Itai Itai disease are due to the toxicity of mercury and cadmium respectively.
What causes cadmium pollution?
The most important sources of airborne cadmium are smelters. Other sources of airborne cadmium include burning fossil fuels such as coal or oil and incineration of municipal waste such as plastics and nickel-cadmium batteries (which can be deposited as solid waste) (Sahmoun et al. 2005).
How is Minamata disease prevented?
Minamata disease can be prevented by reducing or eliminating one’s consumption of fish caught from bodies of water that are contaminated with high concentrations of mercury.
Is itai-itai disease curable?
The term “itai-itai disease” was coined by locals for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) people with the condition felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium (Cd) poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. Effective treatments involve the use of chelators to promote urinary excretion of Cd.
How do you remove cadmium from your body?
Indeed, vitamins A, C, E, and selenium can prevent or reduce many toxic effects of cadmium on some organs and tissues such as liver, kidney, skeleton, and blood. The other elements are zinc and magnesium with many clinical applications.
What foods are high in cadmium?
The food groups that contribute most of the dietary cadmium exposure are cereals and cereal products, vegetables, nuts and pulses, starchy roots or potatoes, and meat and meat products. Due to their high consumption of cereals, nuts, oilseeds and pulses, vegetarians have a higher dietary exposure.
What does cadmium do to your body?
Acute inhalation exposure (high levels over a short period of time) to cadmium can result in flu-like symptoms (chills, fever, and muscle pain) and can damage the lungs. Chronic exposure (low level over an extended period of time) can result in kidney, bone and lung disease.
Is Minamata Disease curable?
However, a fundamental cure for Minamata disease has not yet been found. The main treatments involve the temporary relief of symptoms (symptomatic therapy), and rehabilitation (physiotherapy and occupational therapy).
How did they clean up the Minamata Disease?
Because methylmercury remained a considerable concentration in bottom sediment of the related water areas even after the discharge of the methylmercury compound was stopped, in order to remove this bottom sediment, from 1974 to 1990, Kumamoto Prefecture carried out the project for dealing with about 1,500,000 cubic.
What can we learn from Minamata Disease?
The citizens of Minamata have learned that water and food are essential to life, and therefore invaluable, and that household and industrial waste should not be allowed to destroy the environment. Mass production, mass consumption, and mass waste make our lives more convenient and prosperous.
What are the causes and symptoms of Itai-Itai disease?
Itai-itai disease is caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure, produced as a result of human activities related to industrialisation, and this condition was first recognised in Japan in the 1960s. Itai-itai disease is characterised by osteomalaecia with severe bone pain and is associated with renal tubular dysfunction.
Which metal is responsible for Itai-Itai disease?
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic elements to which humans could be exposed at work or in the environment. The outbreak of itai-itai disease, which is the most severe stage of chronic Cd poisoning, occurred in the Cd-polluted Jinzu River basin in Toyama.
How do you test for cadmium poisoning?
Doctors can usually check for heavy metal poisoning with a simple blood test known as a heavy metals panel or heavy metal toxicity test. To do the test, they’ll take a small blood sample and test it for signs of heavy metals.
Does coffee contain cadmium?
Apart from antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, coffee contains carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen compounds, vitamins and minerals, including toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) [12, 14, 15].
Does cadmium leave the body?
Virtually no cadmium enters your body through your skin. Most of the cadmium that enters your body goes to your kidney and liver and can remain there for many years. A small portion of the cadmium that enters your body leaves slowly in urine and feces.
How is cadmium poisoning treated?
Cadmium intoxication was treated successfully with the oral administration of edathamil calcium disodium. The mechanism of the process is replacement of the calcium ion in the chelating agent by a cadmium ion and the excretion of the chelate in a nonirritating form through the kidneys.
Do Almonds contain cadmium?
Almonds contained higher levels of lead (1.02 micrograms/g) and cadmium (0.24 micrograms/g) than other nuts and dry fruits.
What vegetables are high in cadmium?
High Cd accumulators include lettuce, spinach, cabbage, some potato varieties, sweet potatoes, carrots, beets, eggplant, and peas. Low Cd accumulators include cucumbers, snap beans, and sweet corn. 4) Soil pH affects the uptake of cadmium by crops.
How do you reduce cadmium in food?
Recommendations to reduce cadmium in food Stopping use of galvanized and cadmium-plated utensils and equipment for food production; Reducing cadmium-bearing stabilizers in plastics; and. Removing cadmium-based pottery glazes.
How cadmium is toxic?
Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic and exposure to this metal is known to cause cancer and targets the body’s cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems.
How much cadmium is safe?
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has established a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for cadmium at 7 µg/kg of body weight This PTWI weekly value corresponds to a daily tolerable intake level of 70 µg of cadmium for the average 70-kg man and 60 µg of cadmium per day for the average 60-kg woman.
What is the main cause of Minamata disease?
Minamata disease is a methylmercury poisoning with neurological symptoms and caused by the daily consump- tion of large quantities of fish and shellfish that were heavily contaminated with the toxic chemical generated in chemical factories and then discharged into the sea.
What is the reason of Minamata?
Minamata disease is a poisoning disease that affects mainly the central nervous system and is caused by the consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish living in Minamata Bay and its surroundings, the major causative agent being some sort of organic mercury compound.
Is Minamata Bay safe now?
Four decades after horrible cases of mercury poisoning made Minamata Bay synonymous with environmental catastrophe, the regional government today declared the fish in the bay to be safe to eat. ”The danger of Minamata disease occurring again is gone,” Mr. Fukushima said.
